Amphora wines symbolize a return to an ancestral winemaking method that is increasingly appealing to natural wine enthusiasts. These practices, which emphasize authenticity and respect for the terroir, are enjoying a revival thanks to their ability to enhance aromas and offer a sustainable alternative.
The history of amphora wines: ancestral know-how
1. Origins in Georgia
Amphora wines have their roots in Georgia, the cradle of viticulture over 8,000 years ago. Winegrowers used qvevris, large buried clay jars, to ferment and age wine.
2. Distribution in the Mediterranean basin
The Greeks and Romans adopted this method, transporting wine in amphorae for trade across Europe.
3. Modern Renaissance
After being forgotten, this method is making a comeback thanks to winemakers seeking a more natural, artisanal approach.
The unique characteristics of amphora wines
1. A pure expression of terroir
Amphora winemaking techniques enable gentle micro-oxygenation without the addition of foreign flavors. This reveals the true nature of grapes and terroir.
2. No artificial intervention
Amphora wines are often produced without the addition of industrial yeasts, sulfur or chemicals.
3. Distinctive aromas
These wines develop mineral notes, complex dried fruit aromas and sometimes a slight astringency.
4. A special texture
Tannins are generally silkier, offering a balanced, elegant mouthfeel.
Winemaking techniques used for amphora wines
1. Prolonged fermentation and maceration
- The grapes, including skins and seeds, ferment in the amphora to extract maximum aromas.
- This process can last several months, giving rise to structured, aromatic wines.
2. Use of modern qvevris or amphorae
- Georgian qvevris are buried to maintain a stable temperature.
- Modern amphorae, made from clay or terracotta, offer options to suit every winemaker.
3. Additive-free winemaking
Producers of natural wine prefer respectful practices, such as the absence of sulfur or stabilization products.
4. Ageing in amphora
After fermentation, the wine remains in the amphora to clarify naturally and develop its aromas.
The advantages of amphora wines
1. Respect for the environment
The amphoras, made from natural materials, are part of a sustainable and ecological approach.
2. Authenticity and uniqueness
Each wine is unique, fully reflecting the characteristics of its grape variety and terroir.
3. Elimination of woody aromas
Unlike oak barrels, amphoras don't impart woody flavors, allowing the wine to express itself freely.
4. Adaptation to different styles
Amphoras are suitable for both red and white wines, and even orange wines.
Regions and estates that pioneered amphora wines
1. Georgia: the cradle of amphoras
Georgian estates continue to use qvevris to produce world-renowned wines.
2. Italy: rich, elegant wines
Friuli and Tuscany specialize in orange and white wines aged in amphora.
3. France: growing interest
Many French estates, particularly in Provence and Alsace, are adopting this method to diversify their production.
4. Spain and Portugal
These countries, rich in winemaking traditions, innovate by combining amphorae and native grape varieties.
5. New worlds
Winemakers in California, Australia and South Africa are also experimenting with amphorae.
How do you enjoy amphora-aged wine?
1. Serve at the right temperature
- Reds: 14-16 °C.
- Whites and orange wines: 10-12°C.
2. Choosing the right glass
Tulip-shaped glasses help concentrate the complex aromas of amphora wines.
3. Take time to air
These wines often require light oxygenation to reveal their full aromatic range.
4. Explore food and wine pairings
- Reds: Grilled meats, spicy dishes.
- Whites: Seafood, aged cheeses.
- Orange wines: Asian cuisine, Mediterranean dishes.
Mistakes to avoid with amphora wines
1. Compare them to classic wines
These wines have their own personality. Learn to appreciate them for their uniqueness.
2. Serve them too cold
A wine that is too cool masks its aromas and complexity.
3. Neglecting conservation
Amphora wines should be stored in a dark place at a constant temperature.
Current trends in amphora wines
1. Experimentation with rare grape varieties
Winemakers experiment with lesser-known grape varieties to produce unique amphora wines.
2. Benefits for small-scale producers
Enthusiasts prefer artisanal, environmentally-friendly estates.
3. Discovery workshops
More and more wineries are offering tastings dedicated to amphora wines.
Conclusion: back to basics and modernity
Thanks to their ancestral winemaking techniques and their link with natural wine, amphora wines embody an approach that is both traditional and innovative. They seduce with their authenticity, their respect for the environment and their ability to reveal the richness of the terroir. Try these wines at your next tasting to explore an extraordinary experience.
If you enjoyed this article, please read the following article "The best organic wines to add to your collection", which might also interest you!
